Mind-body medicine is an ancient concept. Until about 300 years ago, virtually all philosophy and medicine treated the body and mind as an integral whole. Then, in the 18th century, adherents of the Enlightenment introduced a mechanistic and reductionistic scientific model that meant the study of body and mind were separated. The 18th century paradigm reached its height in the 20th century when modern scientific medicine helped to end the epidemics of infectious diseases, such as smallpox, cholera and tuberculosis which had formerly been major causes of mortality. (It should be said, though, that these diseases had already declined due to public health measures, such as improved sanitation, safer water, improved housing and better nutrition.)

Currently, the diseases that are killing more people in the developed nations worldwide are no longer these infections, but chronic degenerative conditions, such as coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, cancer and diabetes, for which there are no chemical “magic bullets”. These diseases are inextricably related to psychological, environmental and lifestyle factors. Increasingly, stress is recognized as a major causal factor in both the onset of acute diseases and in chronic diseases. Mind-body practices can give people the skills to manage the inevitable stress of life and, therefore, have an increasingly important role in preventing and reversing the effects of stress and disease.

Asian Healing Systems

The rise in popularity of mind-body medicine has been stimulated by the introduction of Asian healing methods and systems, such as yoga and Traditional Chinese Medicine, into mainstream Western culture. In the 1970s, Western medical researchers discovered that people who practiced advanced forms of yoga, for example, were able to regulate physical functions that were once considered beyond the reach of conscious control. These include the electrical activity of the brain, the temperature of the body, the heart rate and blood pressure. Incorporating some of these Asian healing systems, researchers have discovered new ways to forestall and heal diseases that have long been considered inevitable consequences of ageing.

Reclaiming Wholeness

Mind-body medicine recognizes that healing does not necessarily stop when all the physical symptoms of an illness or condition disappear. Healing literally means “to make whole”. From this perspective, treating illness can be viewed as an opportunity to reclaim wholeness and restore completeness, even in the face of ongoing disease. However, this can occur only when the mind and body are integrated into a whole, dynamic healing system. It is not simply a question of “mind over matter”, but rather that mind matters. The Asian healing systems, such as Traditional Chinese Medicine, have affirmed the power of techniques such as relaxation and meditation and made it clear that a person’s inner well-being is crucial to health.
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