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Study of Chinese Learners Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs awareness and capacity to tap into the benefits of relationships and learninginternal factors were significant Researchers from TS and ZL for instance cited their relationships with their local professors as a major factor in their pragmatic decision to avoid criticising a strict prof see example 2 This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean published until 2020 It focuses on practical important topics such as Discourse Construction Tests DCTs The test for discourse completion is a common instrument in pragmatic research It has many advantages but it also has some drawbacks For 프라그마틱 슬롯 체험 cannot account for cultural and personal variations in communication Furthermore it is also the case that the DCT can be biased and may lead to overgeneralizations Therefore it is important to analyze it carefully prior to using it for research or for assessment purposes Despite its limitations the DCT can be a valuable tool to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in nonnative speakers Its ability to manipulate the social variables that are relevant to politeness in two or more steps could be a strength This characteristic can be utilized to study the effect of prosody in various cultural contexts In the field of linguistics the DCT is now one of the primary instruments for analyzing learners behaviors in communication It can be used to analyze many issues such as the manner of speaking turntaking and lexical choices It can be used to evaluate the phonological complexity of learners in their speech A recent study employed a DCT to test EFL students refusal skills Participants were given an array of scenarios and were asked to choose the appropriate response from the options offered The authors found the DCT to be more effective than other methods for refusing such as a questionnaire or video recordings Researchers cautioned however that the DCT must be employed with caution They also recommended using other data collection methods DCTs can be designed using specific requirements for linguistics such as form and content These criteria are based on intuition and based on the assumptions of test designers They may not be precise and could misrepresent how ELF learners actually reject requests in realworld interactions This issue requires further research on alternative methods of assessing the ability to refuse In a recent research study DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared with those from an oral DCT The results revealed that the DCT promoted more direct and traditionally indirect request forms and made a less frequent use of hints than email data did Metapragmatic Questionnaires MQs This study investigated Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean It used a variety of experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews The participants were 46 CLKs of upperintermediate who participated in MQs DCTs and RIs They were also asked to provide reflections on their opinions and their refusals to participate in RIs The results showed that CLKs often chose to defy native Korean pragmatism norms Their choices were influenced primarily by four factors such as their personality and multilingual identities their current life histories as well as their relationship affordances These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment and teaching First the MQ data were examined to determine the participants pragmatic choices The data were classified according to Ishiharas 2010 definition of pragmatic resistance Then the selections were compared to their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine whether they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not Additionally the participants were asked to explain their choices of behavior in a specific situation The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then examined using descriptive statistics and ztests It was discovered that the CLKs frequently used the use of euphemistic phrases such as sorry and thank you This was likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target language which resulted in an inadequate understanding of korea pragmatic norms The results showed that CLKs preferences for converging to L1 or departing from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms differed based on the DCT situations For instance in Situations 3 and 12 the CLKs preferred to diverge from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 they favored a convergence to L1 norms The RIs also revealed the CLKs were aware their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation RIs were conducted on a onetoone basis in the space of two days of the participants completing the MQs The RIs which were recorded and transcribed by two coders who were independent were then coded Coding was an iterative process in which the coders discussed and read each transcript The results of coding were compared to the original RI transcripts giving an indication of how the RIs were able to capture the fundamental behavior Refusal Interviews The central issue in research on pragmatics is Why do certain learners choose not to accept nativespeaker norms A recent study attempted to answer this question employing a range of experimental instruments including DCTs MQs and RIs Participants comprised 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities The participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs either in their L1 or L2 levels Then they were invited to attend a RI where they were asked reflect on their responses to the DCT situations The results showed that on average the CLKs resisted the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40 of their answers They did so even though they could create patterns that resembled native ones They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance They attributed their actions to learnerinternal aspects such as their identities personalities multilingual identities and ongoing life experiences They also mentioned external factors like relationship affordances For example they described how their relationships with professors helped facilitate more relaxed performance with respect to the intercultural and linguistic standards of their university The interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures or penalties they could be subject to when their social norms were not followed They were worried that their native interactants might perceive them as foreigners and believe they are not intelligent This is similar to that expressed by Brown 2013 and Ishihara 2009 These results suggest that nativespeaker practical norms are not the default preference of Korean learners They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests But it is advisable for future researchers to revisit their applicability in specific situations and in various cultural contexts This will allow them to better comprehend how different environments could affect the practical behavior of students in the classroom and beyond Additionally it will assist educators to create more effective methods to teach and test the koreabased pragmatics Seukhoon Paul Choi principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul is a geopolitical risk consulting Case Studies The case study method is an investigational strategy that uses participantcentered indepth investigations to explore a specific subject This method utilizes numerous sources of information including documents interviews and observations to support its findings This kind of research is useful when analyzing unique or complex subjects that are difficult to measure using other methods The first step in the case study is to clearly define the subject and the goals of the study This will help determine which aspects of the subject matter are essential to study and which can be omitted It is also helpful to study the literature that is relevant to the subject to gain a broad understanding of the subject and place the case study within a larger theoretical context This study was based on an opensource platform the KMMLU Leaderboard 50 and its Koreanspecific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar figure 1 below The results of the study revealed that L2 Korean learners were highly vulnerable to the influence of native models They were more likely to select incorrect answer choices which were literal interpretations This was a departure from the correct pragmatic inference They also showed a strong tendency to include their own text or garbage to their responses 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험 lowered the quality of their answers Additionally the participants in this study were L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK at the end of their third or second year of university and were hoping to achieve level 6 in their next attempt They were questioned about their WTCSPCC pragmatic awareness understanding and their perception of the world Interviewees were presented with two hypothetical situations that involved interaction with their interlocutors and were asked to choose one of the strategies listed below to use when making an offer They were then asked to explain the reasoning behind their choice Most of the participants attributed their pragmatism to their personalities For instance TS claimed that she was hard to get close to and so she was reluctant to inquire about the health of her interlocutors despite having an intense workload despite the fact that she believed that native Koreans would ask