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Study of Chinese Learners Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to learnerinternal influences CLKs understanding of their own resistance to change and the social ties they were able to draw from were important RIs from TS ZL for instance cited their relationships with their local professors as the primary reason for their decision to stay clear of criticising a strict prof see examples 2 This article examines all local research on Korean published until 2020 It focuses on core pragmatic topics including Discourse Construction Tests The discourse completion test is a popular tool in pragmatic research It has numerous advantages but it also has its drawbacks For example it is that the DCT cannot take into account cultural and individual variations in communication 프라그마틱 사이트 can also be biased and lead to overgeneralizations This is why it must be carefully analyzed before it is used for research or for assessment purposes Despite its limitations the DCT is a valuable tool to investigate the connection between prosody information structure and nonnative speakers The ability to alter social variables that affect the manner of speaking in two or more steps could be a benefit This characteristic can be utilized to study the role of prosody in different cultural contexts In the field linguistics DCT is one of the most useful tools to analyze the communication habits of learners It can be used to study a variety of issues that include the manner of speaking turn taking and lexical selection It can be used to evaluate the phonological difficulty of learners speaking A recent study employed an DCT to test EFL students ability to resist Participants were given an array of scenarios and were asked to select an appropriate response from the options offered The researchers found that the DCT was more effective than other refusal measures such as a questionnaire or video recordings Researchers warned however that the DCT should be used with caution They also suggested using other data collection methods DCTs can be designed with specific linguistic criteria such as the form and content These criteria are based on intuition and based upon the assumptions of test developers They may not be accurate and may misrepresent the way ELF learners actually respond to requests in realworld interactions This issue calls for further research on alternative methods of measuring refusal competence A recent study compared DCT responses to requests submitted by students through email with those obtained from an oral DCT The results revealed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally indirect request forms and utilized more hints than email data Metapragmatic Questionnaires MQs This study looked at Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean It used various experimental tools such as Discourse Completion Tasks metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews The participants were 46 CLKs of upperintermediate who participated in MQs DCTs and RIs They were also required to provide reflections on their evaluations and their refusals to participate in RIs The results showed that CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms and their choices were influenced by four major factors such as their identities their multilingual identities ongoing lives and their relational benefits These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment First the MQ data were examined to identify the participants rational choices The data were categorized according to Ishiharas 2010 definition of pragmatic resistance Then the choices were compared to their linguistic performance in the DCTs to determine whether they were a reflection of pragmatic resistance or not Interviewees were also required to explain the reasons for choosing the pragmatic approach in certain situations The results of the MQs DCTs and ztests were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Z tests It was found that CLKs frequently used the use of euphemistic phrases such as sorry and thank you This could be due to their lack of familiarity with the target language which led to a lack of understanding of korea pragmatic norms The results revealed that CLKs preference to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to move toward L1 differed based on the DCT circumstances For instance in Situations 3 and 12 the CLKs preferred to diverge from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms whereas in Situation 14 they preferred converging to L1 norms The RIs also revealed the CLKs were aware of their own pragmatism in each DCT situation RIs were conducted on a onetoone basis within two days of participants having completed the MQs The RIs were recorded and transcribed and then coded by two independent coders The code was recoded repeatedly and involved the coders reading and discussing each transcript The results of the coding process were contrasted with the original RI transcripts which provided an indication of how well the RIs captured the underlying pragmatic behaviors Interviews with Refusal The key issue in research on pragmatics is Why do certain learners decide to not accept nativespeaker norms A recent study sought to answer this question employing a range of experimental tools such as DCTs MQs DCTs and RIs The participants comprised 46 CLKs 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities They were asked to perform the DCTs in their native language and complete the MQs in either their L1 or their L2 They were then invited to an RI where they were required to think about and discuss their responses to each DCT situation The results showed that CLKs on average did not conform to the patterns of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses They did this even when they were able to create patterns that were similar to native speakers Furthermore they were clearly conscious of their own pragmatism They attributed their resistance to learnerinternal variables such as their personalities and multilingual identities They also spoke of external factors such as relationships and affordances They outlined for instance how their relations with their professors enabled them to perform better in terms of the linguistic and social standards of their university The interviewees expressed their concern about the social pressures or consequences they could face when their social norms were not followed They were concerned that their native interlocutors may view them as foreignersand consider them incompetent This concern was similar to those voiced by Brown 2013 and Ishihara 2009 These results suggest that nativespeaker pragmatic norms are no longer the preferred choice of Korean learners They could remain useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests Future researchers should reassess the applicability of these tests in various contexts and in particular situations This will allow them to better understand how different cultural environments could affect the practical behavior of L2 learners in the classroom and beyond This will also assist educators to create better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics Seukhoon Paul Choi principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul is a geopolitical risk consultancy Case Studies The case study method is an investigative technique that relies on participantcentered deep investigations to explore a specific subject It is a method that utilizes multiple data sources to help support the findings such as interviews or observations documents and artifacts This kind of research is useful for examining complicated or unique subjects which are difficult to assess using other methods In a case study the first step is to clearly define the subject as well as the goals of the study This will allow you to identify which aspects of the topic are important to investigate and which can be omitted It is also helpful to read the literature on to the topic to gain a better understanding of the topic and place the case within a wider theoretical framework This study was based on an open source platform the KMMLU leaderboard 50 and its Koreanspecific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X and LDCCSolar figure 1 below The results of the test revealed that the L2 Korean students were extremely vulnerable to native models They were more likely to select incorrect answers that were literal interpretations of prompts thereby ignoring precise pragmatic inference They also showed a distinct tendency of adding their own words or garbage to their responses This lowered the quality of their answers Additionally the participants in this study were L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK at their third or second year of university and were aiming for level 6 in their next attempt They were asked to respond to questions regarding their WTCSPCC and understanding and pragmatic awareness Interviewees were presented with two scenarios which involved interactions with their coworkers and asked to choose one of the strategies below to use when making an offer The interviewees were asked to justify their choice Most participants attributed their pragmatic opposition to their personality For instance TS claimed that she was hard to get close to and therefore was reluctant to inquire about the health of her interlocutors despite having an intense workload despite the fact that she believed that native Koreans would do so