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Study of Chinese Learners Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs awareness and capacity to tap into the benefits of relationships and learnerinternal elements were important Researchers from TS and ZL for instance cited their local professor relationship as a key factor in their decision to stay clear of criticism of a strict professor see the example 2 This article examines all local pragmatic research on Korean published until 2020 It focuses on practical important topics such as Discourse Construction Tests The test for discourse completion is a commonly used instrument in pragmatic research It has numerous advantages but also some disadvantages The DCT for example is unable to account for cultural and individual differences The DCT can also be biased and result in overgeneralizations It should be carefully analyzed before it is used in research or evaluation Despite its limitations the DCT is a useful instrument to study the connection between prosody information structure and nonnative speakers The ability to alter social variables that affect politeness in two or more steps could be a strength 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯 can assist researchers understand the role of prosody in communicating across cultural contexts a major challenge in crosscultural pragmatics In the field of linguistics DCT is among the most effective tools to analyze the communication habits of learners It can be used to study many issues such as the manner of speaking turntaking and the use of lexical terms It can be used to determine the level of phonological sophistication in learners speaking Recent research has used an DCT as an instrument to test the skills of refusal among EFL students Participants were given a list of scenarios and were required to choose a suitable response from the choices provided The researchers found the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal such as a questionnaire or video recordings However the researchers cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other types of methods for collecting data DCTs can be designed with specific linguistic criteria such as form and content These criterion are intuitive and are based on the assumptions of the test developers They are not always accurate and may misrepresent the way ELF learners actually respond to requests in realworld interactions This issue calls for more study on alternative methods for testing refusal competence In a recent research study DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared to the responses from an oral DCT The results showed that the DCT was more direct and conventionally indirect request forms and made a less frequent use of hints than email data did Metapragmatic Questionnaires MQs This study explored Chinese learners choices when it comes to using Korean by using a range of experimental tools such as Discourse Completion Tasks DCTs Metapragmatic Questionnaires Refusal Interviews RIs Participants were 46 CLKs of upperintermediate ability who provided responses to DCTs and MQs They were also asked to consider their evaluations and refusal responses in RIs The results revealed that CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms and that their choices were influenced by four primary factors their personalities multilingual identities ongoing life histories and relational benefits These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment and teaching The MQ data were analysed to determine the participants rational choices The data were classified according to Ishihara 2010s definition of pragmatic resistance Then the choices were matched with their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine if they reflected pragmatic resistance or not In addition the interviewees were asked to justify their decision to use pragmatic language in a given situation The results of the MQs and DCTs were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and ztests It was discovered that the CLKs often resorted to phrases like sorry and thank you This was likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target language which led to an insufficient knowledge of korea pragmatic norms The results revealed that CLKs preferences for either converging to L1 or diverging from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varied by the DCT situations For example in Situation 3 and 12 the CLKs favored to diverge from both L1 and pragmatic norms whereas in Situation 14 they preferred converging to L1 norms The RIs also revealed CLKs were aware of their own pragmatism in each DCT situation The RIs were conducted onetoone basis within two days of participants completing the MQs The RIs were transcribed and recorded by two independent coders and then coded The coders worked in an iterative manner by the coders rereading and discussing each transcript The results of coding are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine whether they reflected the actual behavior Interviews with Refusal A key question of pragmatic research is why learners decide to rescind nativespeaker pragmatic norms Recent research sought to answer this question by using a variety of experimental tools including DCTs MQs and RIs Participants included 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities The participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or their L2 They were then invited to an RI where they were required to reflect and discuss their responses to each DCT situation The results showed that on average the CLKs resisted nativespeaker pragmatic norms in over 40 of their answers They did this even though they could produce patterns that resembled native speakers They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance They attributed their actions to learnerinternal factors like their identities personalities and identities that are multilingual as well as ongoing lives They also mentioned external factors such as relationships and benefits They outlined for instance how their relationships with their professors allowed them to perform more comfortably in terms of the linguistic and cultural standards of their university The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures or consequences they could face when their social norms were not followed They were concerned that their native interactants might think they are foreigners and believe that they are not intelligent This concern was similar to those voiced by Brown 2013 and Ishihara 2009 These results suggest that nativespeaker pragmatic norms are no longer the default preference of Korean learners They could still be a useful model for official Korean proficiency tests But it is advisable for future researchers to revisit their usefulness in particular situations and in different cultural contexts This will help them better understand the effect of different cultural contexts on the behavior of students and classroom interactions of students from L2 This will also help educators create better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group a geopolitical risk consultancy based in Seoul Case Studies The case study method is a method that employs deep participatory investigations to investigate a specific topic This method makes use of numerous sources of information including interviews observations and documents to prove its findings This type of investigation is useful when analyzing specific or complex subjects that are difficult to measure with other methods In a case study the first step is to define the subject and the purpose of the study This will help determine which aspects of the subject are important for investigation and which ones could be left out It is also helpful to review existing literature related to the subject to gain a greater knowledge of the subject and place the case study within a wider theoretical framework This study was conducted on an open source platform the KMMLU leaderboard 50 and its Koreanspecific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X and LDCCSolar figure 1 below The results of this experiment revealed that L2 Korean learners were highly vulnerable to the influence of native models They were more likely to choose incorrect answers that were literal interpretations of prompts which were not based on the correct pragmatic inference They also showed an inclination to add their own text or garbage to their responses which further hampered the quality of their responses Furthermore the participants of this case study were primarily L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK at the end of their second or third year at university and were aiming for level 6 for their next test They were required to answer questions regarding their WTCSPCC and pragmatic awareness and comprehension Interviewees were presented with two scenarios involving an interaction with their counterparts and were asked to choose one of the strategies below to employ when making a demand They were then asked to provide the reasoning behind their choice The majority of the participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personality TS for instance said she was difficult to talk to and was hesitant to inquire about her interlocutors wellbeing when they had a lot of work even though she thought native Koreans would