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Study of Chinese Learners Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs awareness and ability to tap into the benefits of relationships as well as the learnerinternal aspects were crucial For instance the RIs from TS and ZL both have cited their relationships with their local professors as a major factor in their pragmatic choice to avoid expressing criticism of a strict professor see example 2 This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020 It focuses on practical important topics such as Discourse Construction Tests The discourse completion test is a commonly used tool in pragmatic research It has numerous advantages but also a few disadvantages The DCT for example is unable to account for cultural and individual differences Additionally it is also the case that the DCT can be biased and could lead to overgeneralizations This is why it should be analyzed carefully before using it for research or for assessment purposes Despite its limitations the DCT can be a useful tool for investigating the relationship between prosody and information structure in nonnative speakers Its ability to manipulate social variables that affect politeness in two or more steps could be a benefit This characteristic can be utilized to study the impact of prosody across cultural contexts In the field of linguistics DCT is one of the most useful tools for analyzing communication behaviors of learners It can be used to investigate various issues including politeness turntaking and lexical selection It can also be used to determine the phonological complexity of learners speaking A recent study used a DCT to assess EFL students ability to resist Participants were presented with an array of scenarios and asked to select an appropriate response from the options offered The researchers found that the DCT was more effective than other refusal measures that included a questionnaire as well as video recordings The researchers cautioned that the DCT must be used with caution They also suggested using other methods of data collection 프라그마틱 무료게임 can be designed using specific requirements for linguistics such as the form and content mouse click the up coming post are intuitive and based upon the assumptions of test creators They arent always precise and could misrepresent the way ELF learners actually reject requests in realworld interactions This issue requires more investigation into alternative methods of testing refusal competence A recent study has compared DCT responses to requests made by students through email with those obtained from an oral DCT The results revealed that DCTs favored more direct and traditionally indirect requests and utilized more hints than email data Metapragmatic Questionnaires MQs This study investigated Chinese learners their pragmatic choices when they use Korean It employed a variety of experimental tools such as Discourse Completion Tasks metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews Participants were 46 CLKs with upperintermediate ability who provided responses to MQs and DCTs They were also asked for reflections on their opinions and their refusals to participate in RIs The results revealed that CLKs are more likely to defy native Korean norms of pragmatism Their decisions were influenced primarily by four factors their personalities and multilingual identities their current lives as well as their relationship affordances These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment The MQ data were analysed to determine the participants rational choices The data was classified according to Ishihara 2010s definition of pragmatic resistance Then we compared their choices with their linguistic performance on DCTs to determine if they were a sign of a pragmatic resistance Interviewees were also required to explain the reasons for choosing an atypical behavior in certain situations The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and Ztests The CLKs were found to employ euphemistic phrases such as sorry or thank you This could be due to their lack of experience with the target languages which led to an insufficient understanding of korean pragmatic norms The results showed that CLKs preference to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to move toward L1 differed based on the DCT situations For example in Situation 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 they preferred converging to L1 norms The RIs showed that CLKs knew about their practical resistance to each DCT situation The RIs were conducted onetoone within two days after the participants had completed the MQs The RIs which were recorded and transcribed by two coders independent of each other who then coded them The coding process was an iterative process in which the coders discussed and read each transcript The coding results are then contrasted with the original RI transcripts to determine whether they accurately portrayed the underlying behavior Refusal Interviews The key issue in research on pragmatics is Why do some learners decide to not accept nativespeaker norms A recent study attempted to answer this question employing a variety of research tools including DCTs MQs DCTs and RIs Participants comprised 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities They were asked to complete the DCTs in their native language and to complete the MQs either in their L1 or L2 They were then invited to an RI where they were required to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario The results showed that on average the CLKs resisted nativespeaker pragmatic norms in over 40 of their responses They did this despite the fact that they could produce nativelike patterns They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance They attributed their decisions to learnerinternal aspects such as their personalities and identities that are multilingual as well as ongoing lives They also spoke of external factors like relational affordances For instance they discussed how their relationships with professors facilitated a more relaxed performance with respect to the linguistic and intercultural norms of their university However the interviewees also expressed concern about the social pressures and consequences they could be subjected to if they strayed from the local social norms They were worried that their native interactants might perceive them as foreigners and think they are not intelligent This was a concern similar to the concerns voiced by Brown 2013 and Ishihara 2009 These findings suggest that nativespeaker pragmatic norms are not the default preference of Korean learners They may still be a useful model for official Korean proficiency tests But it would be prudent for future researchers to reconsider their relevance in specific scenarios and in various contexts This will help them better understand the impact of different cultural contexts on the behavior of students and classroom interactions of students from L2 Moreover this will help educators create more effective methods for teaching and testing korea pragmatics Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor at Stratways Group a geopolitical risk consultancy based out of Seoul Case Studies The case study method is an investigative strategy that relies on participantcentered deep investigations to explore a specific subject This method uses multiple data sources like interviews observations and documents to prove its findings This type of investigation is ideal for studying complicated or unique subjects that are difficult to measure using other methods The first step in conducting a case study is to define the subject and the objectives of the study This will allow you to determine which aspects of the subject are important for investigation and which ones are best left out It is also helpful to read the literature on to the subject to gain a greater knowledge of the subject and to place the case study within a larger theoretical context This case study was based upon an opensource platform the KMMLU Leaderboard 50 as well as its Koreanspecific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar figure 1 below The results of this study showed that L2 Korean learners were particularly susceptible to the influence of native models They tended to choose wrong answers which were literal interpretations This was a deviation from accurate pragmatic inference They also had an inclination to add their own text or garbage to their responses which further hampered their quality of response The participants of this study were L2 Korean students who had attained level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third year at university and hoped to reach level six by their next attempt They were asked to answer questions about their WTCSPCC as well as understanding and pragmatic awareness Interviewees were presented with two hypothetical situations which involved interactions with their counterparts and were asked to choose one of the strategies below to employ when making a demand The interviewees were asked to justify their choice The majority of participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personality TS for example claimed that she was difficult to talk to and refused to inquire about the health of her coworker when they had a lot of work even though she believed native Koreans would