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Pragmatism and the Illegal Pragmatism can be described as a descriptive and normative theory As a descriptive theory it claims that the classical image of jurisprudence is not correspond to reality and that legal pragmatism offers a better alternative Legal pragmatism specifically it rejects the idea that correct decisions can simply be derived from a fundamental principle It favors a practical approach that is based on context What is Pragmatism The philosophy of pragmatism was born in the latter half of 19th and the early 20th centuries It was the first fully North American philosophical movement though it should be noted that there were a few followers of the contemporaneously developing existentialism who were also known as pragmatists As with other major movements in the history of philosophy the pragmaticists were influenced by a discontent with the current state of affairs in the present and the past In terms of what pragmatism actually means it is a challenge to pinpoint a concrete definition One of the primary characteristics that is frequently associated with pragmatism is the fact that it focuses on the results and consequences This is often contrasted with other philosophical traditions that have an a more theoretical view of truth and knowledge Charles Sanders Peirce has been acknowledged as the father of the concept of pragmatism in philosophy He believed that only what can be independently verified and proven through practical experiments is real or true Additionally Peirce emphasized that the only way to understand the significance of something was to find its effects on other things John Dewey an educator and philosopher who lived from 1859 to 1952 was another founding pragmatist He developed a more holistic approach to pragmatism that included connections with art education society and politics He was influenced by Peirce and also by the German idealists Wilhelm von Humboldt und Friedrich Hegel The pragmatists had a looser definition of what is truth It was not intended to be a position of relativity however rather a way to attain a higher level of clarity and firmly justified established beliefs This was achieved by combining practical experience with sound reasoning The neopragmatic method was later extended by Putnam to be more broadly defined as internal realists This was a variant of the correspondence theory of truth which did not seek to attain an external Godseye viewpoint but maintained truths objectivity within a theory or description It was a more sophisticated version of the theories of Peirce and James What is Pragmatisms Theory of DecisionMaking A pragmatist in the field of law views law as a resolving process and not a set of predetermined rules Therefore he does not believe in the traditional notion of deductive certainty and emphasizes context as a crucial element in making decisions Legal pragmatists also argue that the idea of foundational principles is misguided since generally they believe that any of these principles will be devalued by practical experience A pragmatist view is superior to a classical view of legal decisionmaking The pragmatist perspective is extremely broad and has led to a variety of theories in ethics philosophy as well as sociology science and political theory However Charles Sanders Peirce deserves most of the credit for pragmatism and his pragmatismbased maxim a guideline for defining the meaning of hypotheses by exploring their practical implications is its central core but the concept has since been expanded to encompass a variety of theories The doctrine has expanded to encompass a variety of opinions and beliefs including the notion that a philosophy theory is only valid if its useful and that knowledge is more than just an abstract representation of the world The pragmatists have their fair share of critics despite their contributions to many areas of philosophy The the pragmatists refusal to accept the concept of a priori propositional knowledge has led to an influential and effective critique of traditional analytical philosophy which has spread beyond philosophy to a range of social disciplines including the fields of jurisprudence and political science It isnt easy to classify the pragmatist view to law as a description theory Most judges make their decisions that are based on a logical and empirical framework which relies heavily on precedents and traditional legal materials A legal pragmatist however might argue that this model doesnt reflect the realtime dynamic of judicial decisions Therefore it is more appropriate to view a pragmatist view of law as a normative theory that offers an outline of how law should be developed and interpreted What is Pragmatisms Theory of Conflict Resolution Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that understands knowledge of the world as inseparable from agency within it It has attracted a broad and sometimes contradictory variety of interpretations It is often seen as a response to analytic philosophy while at other times it is regarded as an alternative to continental thought It is a growing and evolving tradition The pragmatists were keen to stress the importance of experiences and the importance of the individuals consciousness in the formation of beliefs They also wanted to correct what they perceived as the flaws in a flawed philosophical tradition that had altered the work of earlier thinkers These mistakes included Cartesianism and Nominalism and an inadequacy of the role of human reasoning All pragmatists are skeptical of nontested and untested images of reason They will therefore be cautious of any argument that asserts that it works or we have always done it this way is legitimate These assertions could be seen as being too legalistic uninformed rationalism and uncritical of past practice by the legal pragmatic In contrast to the conventional notion of law as a system of deductivist principles the pragmatic will emphasize the importance of the context of legal decisionmaking They will also recognize the fact that there are many ways to describe law and that the various interpretations should be embraced This perspective called perspectivalism may make the legal pragmatic appear less deferential to precedents and accepted analogies One of the most important aspects of the legal pragmatist viewpoint is that it recognizes that judges are not privy to a set of fundamental principles that they can use to make properly argued decisions in every case The pragmatist is therefore keen to emphasize the importance of understanding the case prior to making a final decision and will be willing to change a legal rule when it isnt working There is no universally agreed picture of a legal pragmaticist however certain traits tend to characterise the philosophical stance These include an emphasis on context and a rejection of any attempt to deduce law from abstract principles that are not directly tested in a particular case The pragmatist also recognizes that the law is constantly evolving and there cant be one correct interpretation What is the Pragmatism Theory of Justice As a theory of judicial procedure legal pragmatism has been lauded as a method of bringing about social changes But it has also been criticized for being an attempt to avoid legitimate moral and philosophical disputes by relegating them to the arena of legal decisionmaking The pragmatic is not interested in relegating philosophical debate to the realm of the law and instead takes an approach that is pragmatic to these disputes which stresses the importance of an openended approach to knowledge and the willingness to accept that the existence of perspectives is inevitable The majority of legal pragmatists dont believe in an idea of a foundationalist model of legal decisionmaking and rely on traditional legal documents to establish the basis for judging present cases They believe that the cases alone are not enough to provide a solid basis for analyzing legal decisions Therefore they need to add other sources like analogies or principles derived from precedent The legal pragmatist rejects the idea of a set of overarching fundamental principles that could be used to determine correct decisions She claims that this would make it easy for judges who could base their decisions on rules that have been established in order to make their decisions In light of the doubt and realism that characterizes neopragmatism many legal pragmatists have taken an increasingly deflationist view of the notion of truth 무료 프라그마틱 have tended to argue that by focusing on the way concepts are applied describing its purpose and creating standards that can be used to recognize that a particular concept is useful and that this is all philosophers should reasonably expect from a truth theory Some pragmatists have adopted a more broad approach to truth which they have called an objective standard for assertion and inquiry This view combines features of pragmatism and those of the classic idealist and realist philosophy and is in line with the larger pragmatic tradition that regards truth as a standard for assertion and inquiry rather than merely a standard for justification or justified assertibility or any of its variants This more holistic view of truth is called an instrumental theory of truth because it seeks to define truth purely in terms of the aims and values that determine the way a person interacts with the world