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DiplomaticPragmatic Korea and Northeast Asia The deescalation in tensions between Japan and South Korea in 2020 has brought the focus back to economic cooperation Despite the issue of travel restrictions has been denied by the government and bilateral economic initiatives have been pushed forward or expanded Brown 2013 pioneered the study of the phenomenon of pragmatic resistance in L2 Korean learners His research revealed that a variety of variables such as personal identity and beliefs can influence a students pragmatic decisions The role played by pragmatism in South Koreas foreign policy In this time of uncertainty and change South Koreas Foreign Policy needs to be clear and bold It must be prepared to defend its principles and promote the public good globally including climate change sustainable development sustainable development and maritime security It must also possess the capacity to demonstrate its global influence by delivering tangible benefits But it should do so without jeopardizing its domestic stability This is a challenging task Domestic politics are a key obstacle to South Koreas international policy and it is essential that the presidential leadership manages these domestic constraints in ways that promote public confidence in the direction of the country and accountability of foreign policy This isnt easy since the underlying structures that guide foreign policy are a complex and varied This article focuses on how to deal with these domestic constraints to project a coherent foreign policy The current governments focus on pragmatic cooperation with likeminded allies and partners will likely be a positive thing for South Korea This approach can help counter radical attacks on GPS its valuesbased foundation and allow Seoul to work with nondemocratic countries It could also help strengthen its relationship with the United States which remains an indispensable partner in advancing the liberal democratic world order Seouls complicated relationship with China the countrys biggest trading partner is another challenge While the Yoon administration has made strides in the development of multilateral security structures such as the Quad however it must be mindful of the need to maintain economic ties with Beijing Younger voters seem to be less attached to this view This new generation is more diverse and their worldview and values are changing This is reflected by the recent rise of Kpop and the increasing global popularity of its exports of culture Its still too early to know whether these trends will affect the future of South Koreas foreign policy But they are worth keeping an eye on South Koreas diplomatic and pragmatic approach to North Korea South Korea faces a delicate balance between the need to combat rogue state threats and the desire to avoid being drawn into power games with its large neighbors It also needs to consider the conflict between values and interests especially when it comes down to supporting human rights activists and engaging with nondemocracies In this respect the Yoon administrations diplomaticpragmatic attitude towards North Korea is a significant change from previous governments As one of the most active pivotal countries in the world South Korea needs to participate in multilateral engagements as a means of positioning itself within regional and global security networks In its first two years the Yoon Administration has actively bolstered bilateral ties and has increased participation in minilaterals as well as multilateral forums These initiatives include the KoreaPacific Islands Summit and the Second AsiaPacific Summit for Democracy These actions may appear to be small steps but they have enabled Seoul to make use of new partnerships to further promote its views regarding regional and global issues For instance the 2023 Summit for Democracy emphasized the importance of democratic practice and reform to address issues such as corruption digital transformation and transparency The summit announced 100 million in development cooperation projects that will help support democracy including anticorruption and electronic governance efforts Additionally to that the Yoon government has proactively engaged with organizations and countries with similar values and priorities to support its vision of an international security network These include the United States Japan China as well as the European Union ASEAN members and Pacific Island nations Progressives have been criticized by some for these activities as lacking in values and pragmatism but they can assist South Korea develop a more robust toolkit for dealing with rogue countries such as North Korea The emphasis placed on values by GPS however could put Seoul in a precarious position in the event that it is forced to make a choice between values and interests For instance the governments sensitivity to human rights activists and its inability to deport North Korean refugees who have been accused of criminal activity could cause it to prioritize policies that are not democratic at home This is especially true if the government has to deal with similar circumstances to Kwon Pyong a Chinese activist who sought asylum in South Korea South Koreas trilateral partnership with Japan In the midst of increasing global uncertainty and a shaky global economy trilateral cooperation between South Korea Japan and China is an opportunity for Northeast Asia The three countries have an interest in security that is shared with the nuclear threat posed by North Korea but they also share a strong economic interest in establishing a secure and safe supply chains and expanding trade opportunities The return of their highestlevel annual gathering is a clear signal that the three neighbors are keen to push for greater economic integration and cooperation The future of their partnership However their relationship will be determined by a variety of factors The most pressing is the issue of how to deal with the issue of human rights violations that have been committed by the Japanese and Korean militaries in their respective colonies The three leaders agreed to work together to solve these issues and develop a common mechanism for preventing and punishing human rights violations Another major issue is how to keep in balance the competing interests in East Asia especially when it comes to ensuring international stability and addressing Chinas increasing influence in the region In the past trilateral security cooperation was often impeded by disagreements over historical and territorial issues These disputes are still present despite recent signs of a more pragmatic stabilization The summit was briefly shadowed by for instance North Koreas announcement it would launch a satellite during the summit and by Japans decision that was opposed by Beijing to extend its military exercises with South Korea and the US The current situation provides an opportunity to revitalize the trilateral relationship but it will require the initiative and cooperation of President Yoon and Prime Minister Kishida to bring it to fruition If they fail to take this step this time around the current period of trilateral cooperation could be a brief respite from an otherwise turbulent future If the current pattern continues in the long run the three countries could be at odds with one another over their security interests In that case the only way for the trilateral relationship to last will be if each country can overcome its own domestic obstacles to prosperity and peace South Koreas trilateral cooperation with China China The Ninth ChinaJapanKorea Trilateral Summit wrapped up this week with the leaders of South Korea Japan and China signing a variety of significant and tangible outcomes These include the Joint Declaration of the Summit and a Statement on Future Pandemic Prevention Preparedness and Response and a Joint Vision on Trilateral Intellectual Property Cooperation These documents are significant because they set highlevel goals which in some cases may be contrary to Tokyos and Seouls cooperation with the United States The goal is to establish a framework for multilateral cooperation that will benefit all three countries The projects would include the use of lowcarbon technologies innovative solutions for a aging population and collective responses to global challenges such as climate changes as well as food security and epidemics It would also concentrate on enhancing exchanges between people and the establishment of a trilateral innovation cooperation center These efforts will also increase stability in the area It is important that South Korea maintains a positive partnership with both China and Japan particularly when confronted with regional issues like North Korean provocation escalating tensions in the Taiwan Strait and SinoAmerican rivalry 프라그마틱 플레이 with one of these countries could result in instability in the other and negatively impact trilateral cooperation with both It is crucial however that the Korean government makes clear distinctions between trilateral engagement and bilateral engagement with any of these countries A clear distinction can help to minimize the negative impact of a conflicted relationship with either China or Japan on trilateral relations with both China is largely seeking to build support between Seoul and Tokyo against protectionist policies in the next US administration Chinas focus on economic cooperation particularly through the resumption of negotiations for a ChinaJapanKorea FTA and the joint statement on trade in the services market is a reflection of this goal Beijing is also hoping to stop the United States security cooperation from undermining its own trilateral economic ties and military relations This is a deliberate move to counter the threat from US protectionism and create an opportunity to combat it with other powers