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Pragmatic Genuine Philosophy Pragmatism is a philosophical system that is based on the experience and context It may not have a clear ethical framework or foundational principles This can result in a lack of idealistic aspirations or transformative change In contrast to deflationary theories about truth pragmatic theories of truth do not deny the idea that statements relate to states of affairs They simply clarify the role that truth plays in everyday activities Definition The term pragmatic is used to refer to people or things that are practical rational and sensible It is often contrasted with idealistic which refers to a person or concept that is based on high principles or ideals A pragmatic person looks at the actual world situations and circumstances when making decisions focusing on what can be realistically accomplished rather than trying to find the most effective practical course of action Pragmatism is a new philosophical movement focuses on the importance that practical implications determine what is true meaning or value It is a third option to the dominant continental and analytic philosophical traditions It was established by Charles Sanders Peirce and William James with Josiah Royce as its founding fathers pragmatism developed into two competing streams one of which is akin to relativism the other towards realist thought The nature of truth is a major issue in the philosophy of pragmatism While many pragmatists agree truth is an important concept they are not sure how to define it and how it is used in the real world One approach influenced by Peirce and James focuses on the ways in which people deal with issues and make assertions It also prioritizes the speechact and justification tasks of languageusers in determining if truth is a fact One method which was influenced by Rortys followers focuses on the more mundane aspects of truth like its ability to generalize commend and avert danger and is less concerned with an elaborate theory of truth 프라그마틱 슬롯 in this neopragmatic view of truth is that it flirts with relativism since the notion of truth is a concept with been a part of a long and longstanding history that it appears unlikely that it could be reduced to the mundane applications that pragmatists assign it Furthermore pragmatism seems reject the existence of truth in its metaphysical aspect This is evident in the fact that pragmatists like Brandom who owes much to Peirce James and are mostly in silence about metaphysics while Dewey has only made one reference to truth in his many writings Purpose Pragmatism aims to provide an alternative to the analytic and continental tradition of philosophy Charles Sanders Peirce William James and their Harvard colleague Josiah Royce 18601916 were the first to start its first generation These classical pragmatists emphasized theorizing inquiry and meaning and the nature of truth Their influence was felt by many influential American thinkers including John Dewey 18601952 who applied their theories to education and social improvement in various dimensions Jane Addams 18601935 was the social work pioneer who created social work also benefited from this influence More recently the new generation of philosophers has given pragmatism a larger platform for discussion Many of these neopragmatists are not traditional pragmatists but they believe that they belong to the same tradition Their principal persona is Robert Brandom whose work focuses on semantics and the philosophy of language however he also draws inspiration from the philosophy of Peirce and James One of the major distinctions between the classic pragmatics and the neopragmatists lies in their understanding of what it takes for an idea to be true The classical pragmatists focused on a concept called truthfunctionality which states that an idea is genuinely true if it is useful in practice Neopragmatists concentrate on the idea ideal justified assertibility which declares that an idea is true if it can be justifiable to a certain audience in a certain way This view is not without its flaws A common criticism is that it can be used to support all sorts of silly and absurd ideas The gremlin hypothesis is an illustration Its a good idea that works in practice but is unfounded and probably untrue This is not an insurmountable issue however it does point out one of pragmatisms main flaws It can be used to justify almost anything and this is the case for many ridiculous ideas Significance When making decisions the term practical refers to taking into account the real world and its conditions It may also refer to the philosophical position that emphasizes practical implications in the determining of meaning truth or value William James 18421910 first used the term pragmatism to describe this view in a lecture at the University of California Berkeley James confidently claimed that the word was coined by his colleague and mentor Charles Sanders Peirce 18391914 but the pragmatist outlook soon gained a reputation all its own The pragmatists rejected the stark dichotomies in analytic philosophy such as value and fact thoughts and experiences mind and body synthetic and analytic and other such distinctions They also rebuffed the idea of truth as something fixed or objective and instead saw it as a dynamic sociallydetermined notion James used these themes to explore the truth of religion John Dewey 18591952 was an influential figure on a new generation of pragmatists who applied this approach to education politics and other aspects of social improvement In recent decades the Neopragmatists have tried to put the pragmatism in a larger Western philosophical context They have analyzed the connections between Peirces views and the ideas of Kant and other idealists of the 19th century and the emerging science of evolution theory They also sought to define truths role in an original epistemology a priori and develop a pragmatic Metaphilosophy that includes views of the meaning of language as well as the nature and the origin of knowledge However the pragmatism that it has developed continues to evolve and the a posteriori method that it developed remains an important departure from conventional methods Its defenders have been forced to grapple with a number of objections that are just as old as the theory itself yet have received greater exposure in recent years These include the idea that pragmatism simply implodes when applied to moral questions and its assertion that what works is little more than relativism albeit with an unpolished appearance Methods Peirces epistemological strategy included a pragmatic explanation He believed it was an attempt to debunk false metaphysical concepts like the Catholic understanding transubstantiation and Cartesian certainty searching strategies in epistemology For many contemporary pragmatists the Pragmatic Maxim is all that one can reasonably expect from a theory of truth They generally avoid deflationist theories of truth which require verification to be valid Instead they advocate a different method which they call pragmatic explication This is the process of explaining how a concept is used in practice and identifying the criteria that must be met to determine whether the concept is truthful It is important to remember that this approach may still be viewed as a type of relativism and is often criticized for it It is less extreme than deflationist alternatives and is an effective way to get past some the problems of relativist theories of reality As a result various philosophical liberation projects such as those associated with ecofeminism feminism Native American philosophy and Latin American philosophy currently look at the pragmatist tradition for direction Moreover many philosophers of the analytic tradition such as Quine have taken on pragmatism with the kind of enthusiasm that Dewey himself was unable to attain It is important to acknowledge that pragmatism though rich in history also has a few serious flaws Particularly pragmatic approach does not provide a meaningful test of truth and it fails when applied to moral questions A few of the most influential pragmatists including Quine and Wilfrid Sellars also criticised the philosophy However it has been reclaimed from obscurity by a diverse range of philosophers including Richard Rorty Cornel West and Robert Brandom These philosophers while not being classical pragmatists are influenced by the philosophy and work of Peirce James and Wittgenstein The works of these philosophers are well recommended to anyone interested in this philosophical movement