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ADHD Medications What Are the Side Effects Many people with ADHD are medicated It can help alleviate symptoms but it also can cause adverse effects If you experience any adverse reactions consult your GP about them The most common prescription medication prescribed by healthcare providers for ADHD is stimulants These medications boost the levels of brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters that regulate attention and behavior Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a stimulant of first choice used to treat ADHD in children and adults It increases activity in the parts of the brain that assist manage attention and behaviour Methylphenidate may also be used to treat other conditions like narcolepsy It can help those suffering from Narcolepsy to stay awake throughout the day and increase their ability to concentrate and pay attention This medication has a high potential for abuse and is classified as to be a Schedule II drug by the US Drug Enforcement Agency If you take this medication as recommended can decrease the chance for abuse and also other side effects Methylphenidate can trigger psychotic symptoms in a few people It can also worsen behavior and tics for some people suffering from Tourette syndrome or bipolar disorder People with these conditions should tell their doctor prior to taking this medication Inform your doctor if you are any other health issues or if you have an allergy to dyes or foods For instance tartrazine is a yellow dye that is found in some processed food as well as in some medications If youre on Adhansia XR Methylphenidate may interact with certain medications including opioids antidepressants and monoamine oxide inhibitors These include isocarboxazid linezolid and methylene blue rasagiline Emsam Zelapar or the tranylcypromine Avoid drinking alcohol or other stimulants when taking methylphenidate These drugs can have a harmful effect on your blood pressure and heart rate The immediaterelease methylphenidate tablet Ritalin the longacting oral disintegrating capsule and chewable tablet QuillichewER and CotemplaXRODT and chewable tablets with a longacting mechanism QuillichewER and CotemplaXRODT contain the chemical phenylalanine This could be dangerous in the case of a genetic disorder known as phenylketonuria exists Bupropion Bupropion is an antidepressant medication that works in the brain to improve mood and decrease symptoms of ADHD It can also be used to treat depression and seasonal affective disorder SAD which is a kind of depression that occurs in the fall and winter months It is also utilized to aid in the cessation of smoking by reducing nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms Bupropion has been shown to reduce ADHD symptoms in adults in a variety of studies The pooled fixed effect RR for week6 improvement using the criteria of a clinically significant improvement of 30 or greater on the CGI is 114 95CI 095137 For the overall response this equals 52 of the bupropion group and 37 of the placebo group linked web page can cause serious and lifethreatening interactions if taken in conjunction together with other drugs These include antidepressants and sedatives and blood pressure medications It can also increase the risk of having seizures for those with seizures or high blood pressure It is also contraindicated for use in people with certain medical conditions It is not recommended for women who are nursing or pregnant Bupropion can be found in the brandname medication Wellbutrin SR Wellbutrin XL Zyban Budeprion SR Aplenzin and Forfivo XL It is also available in generic form Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic antidepressants abbreviated TCAs are a group of medications that affect the brains chemical They were among the first antidepressants developed Although they arent used as a first line treatment for depression but they can be effective for some individuals They work by inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine serotonin and noradrenaline thereby increasing their levels in neurons They are also helpful in reducing the symptoms of other ailments such as pain syndromes and enuresis such as fibromyalgia phantom limb syndrome TCAs can be prescribed as a single or together with stimulants and may have a positive effect on the symptoms of ADHD They can help improve the symptoms of ADHD and can reduce depression anxiety and impulsiveness They can also aid in managing the tics They are uncontrollable repetitive movements or sounds such as blinking or throat clearing TCAs can trigger side effects such as sedation and dry mouth and can increase the risk of cardiovascular issues These medications can interact negatively with other medications such as anticholinergics and should not be used by women who are pregnant They are also known to be teratogenic for animals and can cross the placenta If you have any concerns discuss it with your doctor because there are newer antidepressants that have a lower adverseeffect profile Selective serotonin Reuptake inhibition SSRIs The SSRIs are antidepressants They consist of a class of drugs that hinder serotonin reuptake by neurons and help increase the amount of serotonin available for signaling They also reduce anxiety and lower impulsive behavior They are utilized to treat adhd since they can help some sufferers with their symptoms and can work in conjunction with other drugs Examples of SSRIs include paroxetine sertraline fluoxetine and citalopram They exhibit linear pharmacokinetics and have a low clearance from the human body However they are extensively metabolized by CYP450 enzymes in the liver This results in variable blood concentrations These medications can also be prescribed to treat other disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder PTSD and generalized anxiety disorder and the bulimia nervosa The SSRIs fluoxetine escitalopram and sertraline are able to reduce PTSD primary symptoms They dont appear to be effective in treating other PTSD symptoms SSRIs can cause a rare side effect known as sexual dysfunction It is crucial to discuss this with your doctor if you are considering taking one of these drugs Many people have to try several different kinds of ADHD medication before finding the one that suits them The development and research of new medication is ongoing It is important to inform all medications you take to your physician Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors SNRIs If stimulant medications do not help adults suffering from ADHD doctors recommend a selective norepinephrinereuptake inhibitor SNRI These medications increase the levels of two brain chemicals known as serotonin and norepinephrine They also improve mood reduce depression and anxiety SNRIs are similar to TCAs but they are less risky and have less side effects They are utilized for many ailments like anxiety disorders chronic pain such as fibromyalgia as well as nerve pain They are also sometimes employed as an adjunct treatment for depression SNRIs are duloxetine Cymbalta and venlafaxine Effexor These drugs block the reabsorption of norepinephrine in the brain which is a normal reaction after neurotransmission This results in a largerthannormal phasic release of norepinephrine The increased levels of norepinephrine can improve attention and mood Although SNRIs arent endorsed by the FDA to treat ADHD However some doctors are using as an alternative to stimulants Most commonly they are taken as pills However they can also be used in liquid form or in patches The FDA approved a SNRI for oral use known as viloxazine or Qelbree to treat ADHD in adolescents and children in April 2021 It does not have the potential for abuse and therefore is not classified as a controlled substance Serotoninnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitors SNRIs SNRIs are antidepressants which affect the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain They are prescribed for anxiety and depression but also aid in the management of ADHD symptoms SNRI drugs such as duloxetine and venlafaxine have been demonstrated in several studies to significantly decrease scores on various ADHD tests SNRIs can raise blood pressure or interact with other medications It is important to consult with a doctor prior to taking these drugs Moreover inappropriately discarded medication could cause harm to animals and people so it is important to follow the proper disposal guidelines SSRIs and SNRIs have not been approved by the FDA to treat ADHD but doctors can prescribe these medications offlabel They are safe effective and have less negative effects than stimulants Talk with your doctor about your childs symptoms and discuss the pros and cons of these drugs SNRIs may increase the bodys level of serotonin as well as norepinephrine but are not suitable for everyone For instance women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not take SNRIs as they may be absorbed into breast milk They should also not be used by those with high blood pressure liver issues or other cardiovascular issues Selective dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors DARPIs Many people with ADHD find medication helps them improve their concentration and attention They might also experience less impulsedriven behaviors The medication is often combined with behavioral therapy and training to help people understand how to manage their symptoms Finding the appropriate medication for each person takes time In this period doctors will monitor the physical reactions of patients to find the right balance between side effects and benefits Stimulant medications like methylphenidate boost the activity of certain brain chemical that control memory and concentration Although they are generally safe and effective for the majority of people they can trigger serious side effects such as diminished appetite and sleep problems These effects usually go away within several weeks as your body adjusts to the medication Nonstimulant medications are also available for children as well as adults They take longer to begin working but they are able to increase concentration and control of impulses They include alpha2adrenergic antagonists atomoxetine and viloxazine and Guanfacine Antidepressants also help with ADHD They can boost norepinephrine levels which is a neurotransmitter within the brain that aids in the impulsive behavior and depression Bupropion is an example of an antidepressant employed to treat ADHD It was prescribed offlabel but drug makers created extendedrelease versions and the FDA approved the use of it as treatment