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Study of Chinese Learners Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs awareness and ability to make use of relational affordances as well as learninginternal factors were significant For instance RIs from TS and ZL both mentioned their relationships with their local professors as a major reason for them to choose to avoid criticising a strict professor see the example 2 This article reviews all locally published practical research on Korean up to 2020 It focuses on key pragmatic issues such as Discourse Construction Tests The discourse completion test DCT is widely used in pragmatic research It has numerous advantages but also a few disadvantages The DCT for example is unable to account for cultural and individual differences Furthermore it is also the case that the DCT is susceptible to bias and can lead to overgeneralizations It is important to carefully analyze the data before it is used in research or evaluation Despite its limitations the DCT can be a useful instrument to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in nonnative speakers Its ability to use two or more stages to alter social variables related to politeness is a plus This characteristic can be utilized to study the effect of prosody in different cultural contexts In the field of linguistics the DCT has emerged as one of the most significant tools to analyze learners behavior in communication It can be used to analyze many issues such as the manner of speaking turntaking and the choices made in lexical use It can be used to assess the level of phonological sophistication in learners speech Recent research used an DCT as tool to evaluate the skills of refusal among EFL students Participants were given various scenarios and required to choose a suitable response from the options offered The researchers found that the DCT was more effective than other refusal measures such as a questionnaire or video recordings The researchers cautioned that the DCT must be employed with caution They also recommended using other methods for data collection DCTs can be designed with specific linguistic criteria such as the form and content These criteria are intuitive and is based on the assumptions made by the test designers They are not necessarily correct and they could misrepresent the way that ELF learners actually resist requests in actual interactions This issue requires more study on alternative methods for testing refusal competence A recent study examined DCT responses to requests submitted by students via email with those obtained from an oral DCT The results revealed that DCT promoted more direct and traditionally indirect request forms and a lower use of hints than email data did Metapragmatic Questionnaires MQs This study explored Chinese learners pragmatic choices when it comes to using Korean through a variety of experimental tools such as Discourse Completion Tasks DCTs metapragmatic questionnaires and Refusal Interviews RIs Participants were 46 CLKs of upperintermediate proficiency who gave responses to MQs and DCTs 무료 프라그마틱 were also asked to think about their evaluations and refusal performances in RIs The results revealed that CLKs are more likely to reject native Korean norms of pragmatism Their choices were influenced primarily by four factors their personalities and multilingual identities their current life histories as well as their relationships These findings have implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching The MQ data was first analyzed to identify the participants actual choices The data were categorized according to Ishiharas 2010 definition of pragmatic resistance Then we compared the choices made by the participants with their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine if they were a sign of a pragmatic resistance In addition the interviewees were asked to justify their decision to use pragmatic language in a given scenario The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then examined using descriptive statistics and Ztests The CLKs were found to use euphemistic words like sorry or thank you This could be due to their lack of experience with the target languages leading to an inadequate knowledge of koreans pragmatic norms The results showed that the CLKs preference for converging to L1 norms or dissociating from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms differed based on the DCT situations For example in Situation 3 and 12 the CLKs preferred to diverge from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms whereas in Situation 14 they favored converging to L1 norms The RIs revealed that CLKs were aware of their pragmatic resistance to each DCT situation The RIs were conducted onetoone within two days after the participants completed the MQs The RIs were recorded and transcribed then coded by two coders from different companies The coding process was an iterative process where the coders listened and discussed each transcript The results of coding are evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine if they accurately portrayed the underlying behavior Refusal Interviews RIs A key question of pragmatic research is why learners are hesitant to adhere to pragmatic norms that native speakers use A recent study sought to answer this question by employing a variety of research tools such as DCTs MQs and RIs 프라그마틱 슬롯 조작 comprised 46 CLKs 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities Participants were required to complete the DCTs and MQs either in their L1 or L2 levels They were then invited to an RI where they were required to reflect and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario The results showed that on average the CLKs resisted the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40 of their answers They did this even though they could create patterns that resembled native ones They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance They attributed their choice to learnerinternal variables such as their personalities and multilingual identities They also referred to external factors such as relational benefits They also discussed for instance how their interactions with their professors helped them to perform better in terms of the linguistic and social standards of their university The interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and penalties they could face in the event that their local social norms were not followed 무료 프라그마틱 were concerned that their native friends would think they are foreigners and believe they are incompetent This concern was similar to the concerns expressed by Brown 2013 and Ishihara 2009 These findings suggest that nativespeakers pragmatic norms arent the preferred norm for Korean learners They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests But it would be prudent for future researchers to reconsider their applicability in specific situations and in various contexts This will enable them to better comprehend how different environments may impact the pragmatic behavior of L2 learners in the classroom and beyond Furthermore it will assist educators to create more effective methods to teach and test the koreas pragmatics Seukhoon Paul Choi principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul is a geopolitical risk consultancy Case Studies The case study method is a research method that employs intensive participantcentered research to study a specific subject It is a method that utilizes numerous sources of data to back up the findings such as interviews observations documents and artifacts This type of investigation is ideal for studying complicated or unique subjects which are difficult to assess with other methods The first step in a case study is to clearly define the subject and the goals of the study This will help you determine what aspects of the subject are important to investigate and which can be omitted It is also useful to study the literature to gain a general knowledge of the subject and place the case within a larger theoretical framework This case study was built on an opensource platform the KMMLU Leaderboard 50 along with its Koreanspecific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar figure 1 below The results of the study revealed that the L2 Korean students were extremely susceptible to native models They tended to choose wrong answer options which were literal interpretations This was a deviation from a precise pragmatic inference They also showed a strong tendency to include their own text or garbage to their responses This lowered the quality of their answers Additionally the participants in this case study were primarily L2 Korean learners who had attained level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK at the end of their second or third year at university and were aiming to reach level 6 for their next test They were asked to answer questions about their WTCSPCC as well as understanding and pragmatic awareness The interviewees were presented two scenarios each involving an imaginary interaction with their interactants and were asked to choose one of the following strategies to use when making an inquiry The interviewees were then asked to justify their decision The majority of participants attributed their pragmatist opposition to their personality For instance TS claimed that she was difficult to connect to and so she did not want to inquire about the health of her interlocutors despite having an intense workload despite her belief that native Koreans would do this