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Pragmatic Genuine Philosophy Pragmatism places emphasis on experience and context It might not have a clear ethical framework or foundational principles This could result in the loss of idealistic goals and transformative change In contrast to deflationary theories pragmatic theories do not reject the idea that statements are connected to actual states of affairs They simply explain the roles that truth plays in our daily tasks Definition Pragmatic is a word used to describe people or things who are practical logical and sensible It is often used to differentiate between idealistic which refers to an idea or a person that is based on ideals or high principles A person who is pragmatic looks at the realworld circumstances and conditions when making decisions focusing on what can realistically be achieved as opposed to trying to achieve the best theoretical course of action Pragmatism is an emerging philosophical movement that stresses the importance of practical implications in determining meaning truth or value It is a third option to the dominant analytic and continental tradition of philosophy Founded by Charles Sanders Peirce William James and Josiah Royce pragmatism developed into two competing streams of thought one inclining towards relativism the other toward realist thought The nature of truth is a central issue in pragmatism While many pragmatists agree that truth is a crucial concept they disagree about what it means and how it is used in practice One method that is influenced by Peirce and James concentrates on the ways people deal with issues and make assertions It also prioritizes the speechact and justification projects of languageusers in determining if something is true Another method that is influenced by Rorty and his followers focuses on the relatively mundane functions of truthhow it is used to generalize admonish and cautionand is less concerned with a complete theory of truth The main flaw of this neopragmatic approach to truth is that it flirts with relativism as the concept of truth is a concept with such a long and rich tradition that it seems unlikely that it can be reduced to the common purposes that pragmatists give it Another flaw is that pragmatism also appears to be a way of thinking that rejects the existence of truth at least in its substantial metaphysical form This is evident by the fact that pragmatists such as Brandom who owes much to Peirce James are largely in silence about metaphysics while Dewey has made only one mention of truth in his numerous writings Purpose The purpose of pragmatism was to provide an alternative to analytic and Continental traditions of philosophy Its first generation was initiated by Charles Sanders Peirce and William James along as well as their Harvard colleague Josiah Royce 18551916 The classical pragmatists were focused on the theory of inquiry about meaning meaning and the nature of truth Their influence spread to numerous influential American thinkers including John Dewey 18601952 who applied their ideas to education as well as social improvement in various dimensions Jane Addams 18601935 was the social work pioneer who created social work was also a beneficiary of this influence In recent years a new generation of philosophers has given pragmatism more space for discussion Although they differ from classic pragmatists these neopragmatists believe themselves to be part of the same tradition Their most prominent model is Robert Brandom whose work focuses on semantics and the philosophy of language however he also draws inspiration from the philosophy of Peirce and James One of the main differences between the classic pragmatists and the neopragmatists is their understanding of what it takes for an idea to be true The classical pragmatists focused on a concept called truthfunctionality which states that an idea is genuinely true if it is useful in practice Neopragmatists instead focus on the idea ideal justified assertionibility which says that an idea is truly true if it can be justified to a specific audience in a specific way There are however some problems with this view It is often criticized as being used to support unfounded and absurd ideas One example is the gremlin hypothesis it is a useful concept that works in practice but it is utterly unfounded and probably absurd Its not a major problem however it does point out one of pragmatisms main flaws it can be used to justify nearly anything and that includes many absurd ideas Significance When making a decision it is important to be pragmatic by taking into consideration the actual world and its conditions It can be used to refer to a philosophy that focuses on practical considerations in the determining of truth meaning or value The term pragmatism was first used to describe this viewpoint about a century ago when William James 18421910 pressed it into service in a speech at the University of California Berkeley James claimed to have coined the term along with his mentor and colleague Charles Sanders Peirce but the pragmatist viewpoint soon gained its own fame The pragmatists opposed the sharp dichotomies in analytic philosophy like mind and body thoughts and experience and analytic and synthesthetic They also rejected the notion of truth as something that is fixed or objective instead describing it as a dynamic sociallydetermined concept James used these themes to investigate the truth of religion A subsequent generation applied the pragmatist perspective on politics education and other aspects of social development under the great influence of John Dewey 18591952 The neopragmatists of recent years have tried to place pragmatism within the larger Western philosophical context tracing the affinities of Peirces theories with Kant and other 19th century idealists as well as with the new science of evolutionary theory They also sought to define the role of truth in an original epistemology of a priori and developed a Metaphilosophy of the practical that includes views on language meaning and the nature and origin of knowledge Yet pragmatism continues to evolve and the a posteriori epistemology that was developed is considered an important departure from more traditional methods The pragmatic theory has been criticised for a long time but in recent times it has attracted more attention Some of them include the notion that pragmatism is ineffective when applied to moral questions and that its assertion of what works is nothing more than relativism with an unpolished appearance Methods Peirces epistemological approach included a pragmatic elucidation Peirce saw it as an attempt to debunk false metaphysical concepts such as the Catholic understanding transubstantiation and Cartesian certainty searching strategies in epistemology For many modern pragmatists the Pragmatic Maxim is all that one can reasonably expect from an understanding of truth In this sense they tend to avoid deflationist accounts of truth that need to be verified in order to be valid Instead they advocate a different method they refer to as pragmatic explication This is the process of explaining how a concept is used in the real world and identifying the criteria that must be met in order to accept the concept as true This approach is often criticized as a form relativism But it is less extreme than the deflationist alternatives and thus is a great way of getting around some of the problems with relativism theories of truth This has led to a variety of liberatory philosophical projects like those that are associated with ecological feminism Native American philosophy and Latin American philosophy are currently looking to the pragmatist tradition for direction Moreover many philosophers who are analytic such as Quine have embraced pragmatism with a degree of enthusiasm that Dewey himself could not manage It is crucial to realize that pragmatism though rich in the past has a few serious shortcomings Particularly the pragmatism does not provide an accurate test of truth and is not applicable to moral questions Some of the most important pragmatists such as Quine and Wilfrid Sellars also criticized the philosophy 프라그마틱 체험 and Robert Brandom are among philosophers who have brought the philosophy from the obscureness While these philosophers are not classical pragmatists but they do have a lot in common with the pragmatism philosophy and draw on the work of Peirce James and Wittgenstein in their writings Their writings are worth reading for those interested in this philosophy movement